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UM008101-0601 Direct Memory Access
represent the fractional reductions in CPU throughput per Kbaud trans-
ferred.
The DMA has a shorter and more predictable latency period and decreases
system overhead by at least a factor of five in this conservative example.
A diagram of a typical Z80 system using a Z80 CPU, a Z80 CTC for asyn-
chronous baud rate generation, both channels of a Z80 SIO, and two Z80
DMAs (one for each serial channel) appears in Figure 55. The diagram
omits the system memory (ROM and RAM), bus buffers (as required), and
chip enable decoders, which are described above.
Z80
(2.5 MHz)
Z80A
(4 MHz)
DMA sequential transfer 0.065% 0.041%
DMA sequential transfer/search
Interrupt-driven transfer 0.340% 0.213%
- Z80 Family 1
- CPU Peripherals 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Direct Memory Access 4
- List of Figures 9
- UM008101-0601 List of Figures 10
- List of Figures UM008101-0601 11
- Parallel Input/Output 12
- Serial Input/Output 13
- List of Tables 15
- List of Tables UM008101-0601 17
- Z80 CPU Peripherals 18
- User Manual 18
- Counter/Timer Channels 19
- CTC ARCHITECTURE 20
- Structure of Channel Logic 21
- The Prescaler 23
- Interrupt Control Logic 25
- CTC PIN DESCRIPTION 27
- CTC OPERATING MODES 34
- CTC COUNTER Mode 34
- CTC TIMER Mode 35
- CTC PROGRAMMING 36
- Table6.TimeConstantRegister 40
- 76543210 40
- CTC Read Cycle 43
- CTC Counting and Timing 44
- CTC INTERRUPT SERVICING 45
- Return from Interrupt Cycle 47
- DMA Data Transfers 53
- DMA Characteristics 55
- Transfer Methods 56
- Modes of Operation 58
- Bus Control 59
- Programmability 59
- Figure 17. Modes of Operation 60
- Programming 63
- Classes of Operation 64
- <%2 72GTKRJGTCNU 65
- 7UGT/CPWCN 65
- <%272GTKRJGTCNU 66
- Figure 20) 70
- Transfer Speed 74
- Address Generation 75
- Variable Cycle 78
- Events and Actions 79
- I/O port address 85
- ,17(51$/6758&785( 89
- *HQHUDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ 89
- Address and Byte Counting 93
- Operations) 94
- Search Operations) 94
- Bus Requesting 96
- Bus Request Daisy-Chains 97
- Interrupt Vectors 100
- Interrupt Latches 102
- Interrupt On Ready 104
- Interrupt Service Routines 104
- Return From Interrupt 105
- Interrupt Daisy-Chains 106
- Polling for Service Requests 107
- PROGRAMMING 108
- Overview 108
- Table 13. DMA Status 109
- DISABLED ENABLED 109
- Write Registers 110
- Write Register 0 Group 111
- Source and Destination 112
- Port A Starting Address 112
- Block Length 113
- Write Register 1 Group 114
- Write Register 2 Group 116
- Write Register 3 Group 116
- Stop on Match 117
- Match Byte 117
- Mask Byte 117
- Interrupt Enable 117
- Write Register 4 Group 118
- Starting Address (Port B) 119
- Interrupts 119
- Interrupt Vector 120
- Pulse Generation 120
- Write Register 5 Group 121
- End-of-Block Action 122
- CE/WAIT Line Use 122
- Ready-Line State 122
- Reset (C3) 123
- ResetPortATiming(C7) 124
- ResetPortBTiming(CB) 124
- Load (CF) 124
- Continue (D3) 125
- Disable Interrupts (AF) 125
- Enable Interrupts (AB) 127
- Enable After RETI (B7) 128
- Read Status Byte (BF) 129
- Reinitialize Status Byte (8B) 129
- Read Mask Follows (BB) 130
- Initiate Read Sequence (A7) 131
- Force ReadY (B3) 131
- Read Registers 132
- Read Status Byte 133
- Initiate Read Sequence 133
- Reinitialize Status Byte 133
- Read Mask Follows 133
- Status Byte (RR0) 133
- Byte Counter (RR1, RR2) 135
- DMA Initialization 136
- Port Designation 138
- Address Loading 139
- Byte Matching (Searches) 142
- End-of-Block 143
- Auto Restart 143
- Force Ready Condition 143
- Variable Timing 144
- Enabling the DMA 144
- Reading Status 144
- Z80 DMA and CPU 147
- Chip Selection and Enabling 148
- Use of WAIT Input 150
- Simultaneous Transfers 151
- Bus Buffering 154
- Z80 DMA and Z80 SIO Example 157
- Table 18 158
- Bus Characteristics 163
- PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS 167
- Bus Contention 167
- Control Overhead 168
- The CPU As Bus Master 169
- Reading Status Bytes 170
- The DMA As Bus Master 171
- (Searching is Optional) 174
- Search-Only 177
- Bus Requests 177
- Bus Release Byte-at-a-Time 178
- Bus Release on End-of-Block 179
- Bus Release on Match 180
- Bus Release on Not Ready 180
- REGISTER BIT FUNCTIONS 189
- Write Register Bit Functions 189
- Read Register Bit Functions 193
- Figure 1. PIO Block Diagram 197
- (8 Bits) 198
- Data Input 198
- PIN DESCRIPTION 200
- Figure 3. PIO Pin Functions 204
- PROGRAMMING THE PIO 207
- Loading The Interrupt Vector 208
- SelectingAnOperatingMode 209
- D6 D5 D4 D3 D0D2 D1 210
- Output Mode (Mode 0) 212
- Input Mode (Mode 1) 213
- Bidirectional Mode (Mode 2) 214
- Control Mode (Mode 3) 215
- INTERRUPT SERVICING 217
- APPLICATIONS 219
- I/O Device Interface 220
- V3 V2 V1 V0 221
- Control Interface 222
- PROGRAMMING SUMMARY 225
- Load Interrupt Vector 225
- Set Mode 225
- Set Interrupt Control 226
- Pin Functions 230
- Bonding Options 233
- CMOS Z80 240
- ARCHITECTURE 242
- Data Path 243
- Functional Description 246
- I/O Capabilities 247
- ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION 250
- Asynchronous Transmit 252
- Asynchronous Receive 255
- SYNCHRONOUS OPERATION 258
- Monosync 260
- External Sync 260
- Synchronous Transmit 264
- Synchronous Receive 269
- SDLC (HDLC) OPERATION 275
- SDLC Transmit 276
- SDLC Receive 285
- 0001 1101 0000 1111 287
- Write Register 0 293
- Figure 114. Write Register 0 294
- Write Register 1 297
- Write Register 2 301
- Write Register 3 302
- Write Register 4 304
- Write Register 5 307
- Write Register 6 310
- Write Register 7 311
- Figure 122. Read Register 0 314
- Read Register 1 317
- Figure 123. Read Register 1 319
- Table 35. Interrupt Vector 320
- D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 320
- V7 V6 V5 V4 V3* V2* V1* V0 320
- Figure 127. Data Concentrator 324
- Read Cycle 325
- Write Cycle 325
- Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle 326
- Return From Interrupt Cycle 327
- Daisy Chain Interrupt Nesting 328
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